Causes, Effects and Solutions of Air Pollution Essay Example

Causes, Effects and Solutions of Air Pollution Paper A physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the atmosphere can be termed as pollution, It occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke enters into the atmosphere and makes it difficult for plants, animals and humans to survive as the air becomes dirty Air pollution an further be classified into two sections- Visible air pollution and invisible air pollution. Another way of looking at Air pollution could be any substance that holds the potential to hinder the atmosphere or the well being of the living beings surviving in it. The sustained Of all things living is due to a combination of gases that collectively form the atmosphere; the imbalance caused by the increase or decrease Of the percentage Of these gases can be harmful for survival. What are Air Pollutants? Air pollutants are the substances that cause air pollution. Len order to understand he causes of Air pollution, several divisions can be made. Primarily air pollutants can be caused by primary sources or secondary sources. The pollutants that are a direct result of the process can be called primary pollutants. A classic example of a primary pollutant would be the sulfur-dioxide emitted from factories. Secondary pollutants are the ones that are caused by the inter mingling and reactions of primary pollutants. Smog created by the interactions of several primary pollutants is known to be as secondary pollutant, Causes of Air pollution: l. Burning of Fossil Fuels: Sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion of fossil eels like coal, petroleum and other factory combustibles is one the major cause of air pollution, Pollution emitting from vehicles including trucks, jeeps, cars, trains, airplanes cause immense amount of pollution. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes, Effects and Solutions of Air Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Causes, Effects and Solutions of Air Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Causes, Effects and Solutions of Air Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We rely on them to fulfill our daily basic needs of transportation. But, there overuse is killing our environment as dangerous gases are polluting the environment. Carbon Monoxide caused by improper or incomplete combustion and generally emitted from vehicles is another major pollutant along with Nitrogen Oxides, that is produced from both natural and man made processes. 2. Agricultural activities: Ammonia is a very common by product from agriculture related activities and is one Of the most hazardous gases in the atmosphere. SE Of insecticides, pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural activities has grown quite a lot. They emit harmful chemicals into the air and can also cause water pollution. 3. Exhaust from factories and industries: Manufacturing industries release large amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and chemicals into the air thereby depleting the quality of air. Manufacturing industries can be found at every corner of the earth and there is no area that has not been affected by it. Petroleum refineries also release hydrocarbons and various other chemicals that pollute the air and also cause land pollution. 4. Mining operations: Mining is a process wherein minerals below the earth are extracted using large equipments. During the process dust and chemicals are released in the air causing massive air pollution. This is one Of the reason Which is responsible for the deteriorating health conditions of workers and nearby residents. 5. Indoor air pollution: Household cleaning products, painting supplies emit toxic chemicals in the air and cause air pollution. Have you ever noticed that once you paint walls of your souse, it creates some sort of smell which makes it literally impossible for you to breathe. Effects of Air pollution: 1. Respiratory and heart problems: The effects of Air pollution are alarming. They are known to create several respiratory and heart conditions along with Cancer, among other threats to the body. Several millions are known to have died due to direct or indirect effects of Air pollution. Children in areas exposed to air pollutants are said to commonly suffer trot pneumonia and asthma. 2. Global warming: Another direct effect is the immediate alterations that the world is witnessing due to Global warming. With increased temperatures world wide, increase in sea levels and melting of ice from colder regions and icebergs, displacement and loss of habitat have already signaled an impending disaster if actions for preservation and normalization arent undertaken soon. Acid Rain: Harmful gases like nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are released into the atmosphere during the burning of fossil fuels When it rains, the water droplets combines with these air pollutants, becomes acidic and then falls on the ground in the form Of acid rain. Acid rain Can cause great damage to human, animals and crops. 4. Transportation: Transportation is a condition where high amount Of nitrogen present in some pollutants gets developed on seas surface and turns itself into algae and and adversely affect fish, plants and animal species. The green colored algae that is present on lakes and ponds is due to presence of this chemical only. 5. Effect on Wildlife: Just like humans, animals also face some devastating affects of air pollution. Toxic chemicals present in the air can force wildlife species to move to new place and change their habitat. The toxic pollutants deposit over the surface of the water and can also affect sea animals. . Depletion of Ozone layer: Ozone exists in earths stratosphere and is responsible for protecting humans from harmful ultraviolet (LIVE) rays. Earths ozone layer is depleting due to the presence of chlorofluorocarbons, hydro chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. As ozone layer will go thin, it will emit harmful rays back on earth and can cause skin and eye related problems. IV rays also have the capability to affect crops. Solutions tort Air Pollution: I. Use public mode of transportation: Encourage people to use more and more public modes of transportation to reduce pollution. Also, try to make use of car lolling, If you and your colleagues come from the same locality and have same timings you can explore this option to save energy and money. Conserve energy: Switch off fans and lights when you are going out. Large amount of fossil fuels are burnt to produce electricity. You can save the environment from degradation by reducing the amount of fossil fuels to be burned, 3, Understand the concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle: Do not throw away items that are of no use to you. In-fact reuse them for some other purpose Poor e. G. You can use old jars to store cereals or pulses. 4. Emphasis on clean energy resources: Clean energy technologies like solar, wind and geothermal are on high these days. Governments of various countries have been providing grants to consumers Who are interested in installing solar panels for their home. This Will go a long way to curb air pollution. 5. Use energy efficient devices: CFML lights consume less electricity as against their counterparts. They live longer, consume less electricity, lower electricity bills and also help you to reduce pollution by consuming less energy. 6. Use catalytic converters: using catalytic converters in cars and other vehicles helps to reduce air pollution by converting the harmful and poisonous asses into less harmful gases. 7. SE Air pollution control plants in industries: By installing air pollution control plants near industries, many of the pollutants from gases are absorbed and air is prevented from pollution. Air Pollution is one of the larger mirrors of mans follies, and a challenge we need to overcome to see a tomorrow. Air Pollution Facts and Statistics: Air pollution affects kids more than adults due to higher concentrations of polluted air in their systems per body size. India is the country with the worst air quality in the world, The European Union would save 161 billion euros a year if eats caused by air pollution were diminished.

Measurements Experiment Essay

Measurements Experiment Essay Measurements Experiment Essay Date of Experiment: 9/14/2013 Report Submitted: 9/15/13 Laboratory Techniques and Measurements PURPOSE: The purpose of this lab was to experiment using the International System of Units to determine mass, length, temperature, volume, and density of objects and liquids using common measuring devices and formulas. PROCEDURE: In this lab I performed several different exercises to learn how to obtain various lengths, temperature, mass, density, volume, concentration, and dilution. Length: I measured various items using the ruler and recording in cm, mm, and meter. Temperature: I measured water in various temperatures from ice cold to boiling hot then recorded our finding in Celsius and then converted to Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Mass: I measured various objects using our digital scale and recorded the mass in gram and kilograms. Volume/Density: I measured the mass and volume of various liquids and solids to calculate the density of this substance. Concentration/Solution/Dilution: I used sugar and a solution of sugar to learn to calculate molecular weight, molarity, and how to calculate concentration and dilution of that solution. CONCLUSION/DATA TABLES: Length Measurements Object Length (cm) Length (mm) Length (m) CD 12cm 120mm .12m Key 5.7cm 57mm .057m Spoon 18.1cm 181mm .181m Fork 18.5cm 185mm .185m Temperature Measurements Water Temperature ( °C) Temperature ( °F) Temperature ( °K) Hot from tap 42 ° 107.6 ° 315.15 ° Boiling 98 ° 208.4 ° 371.15 ° Boiling for 5 min 101 ° 213.8 ° 374.15 ° Cold from tap 25 ° 77 ° 298.15 ° Ice water – 1 min 5 ° 41 ° 278.15 ° Ice water – 5 min 2 ° 35.6 ° 275.15 ° Mass Measurements Object Estimated Mass (g) Actual Mass (g) Actual Mass (kg) Pen 10g 9.8g .0098kg 3 pennies 8g 7.5g .0075kg 1 quarter 6g 5.6g .0056kg 2 quarters, 3 dimes 18g 18.1g .0181kg 4 dimes, 5 pennies 22g 21.5g .0215kg 3 qtrs, 1 dime, 5pennies 32g 31.7g .0317kg Key 8g 7.6g .0076kg Key, 1quarter, 4pennies 23g 23.2g .0232kg Liquid Measurements Mass A Mass B Mass B-A Liquid Volume (ml) Graduated Cylinder (g) Graduated Cylinder with liquid (g) Liquid (g) Density g/ml % Error Water 5ml 17g 21.9g 4.9g .98g/ml .08% Isopropyl Alcohol 5ml 17g 21.4g 4.4g .88g/ml .12% Magnet – Measurement Method Object: Mass (g) Length (cm) Width (cm) Height (cm) Volume Density Magnet 4.4g 2.5cm .5cm .5cm 0.625cmá µÅ' 7.04g/cmá µÅ' Displacement Method Object Mass (g) Initial Volume (ml) Final Volume (ml) Object Volume (ml) Density (g/ml) Magnet 4.4g 7ml 7.75ml .75ml 5.9g/ml Bolt 8.0g 7ml 8ml 1ml 8g/ml Archimedes’ Method Object Mass (g) Mass of Displaced Water (g) Volume of Displaced Water (ml) Density (g/ml) Metal Bolt 8.0g 1.1g 1.1ml 7.2g/ml Magnet 4.4g .8g .8ml 5.5g/ml Initial Concentration Chemical Mass (g) Molecular Weight (g) Moles in

The 5 Best Strategies for Reading ACT Science Passages

The 5 Best Strategies for Reading ACT Science Passages SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT Science section is basically the white and gold dress of the ACT. It's blueand black or white and gold. It's either really hard or really easy, depending on the viewer. In this article, I'm going to help you find a strategy that makes theACT Science really easy always. As I mentioned in a previous article, the ACT Science section is more reading than science. Therefore, to do well on the ACT Science, you need to have a good reading strategy. Counterintuitive, I know. While usingone strategy for the whole ACT Science section would be ideal, there is no single technique that works to read all of the ACT Science Passages. Your approach to reading the ACT Science Passages should vary based on the type of passage.If you're unfamiliar with the 3 types of ACT Science Passages, I recommend reading our other article first. In this article, I'll outline all of theACT Science reading techniques that I've personally tried and taught to students. I'll rank the techniques from best to worst. I offer all of the strategies (instead of just one) because my favorite strategy may not work for you. Summary of the Types of ACT Science Passages As a brief review, there are 3 types of ACT Science Passages: 3 Data Representation Passages 3 Research Summary Passages 1 Conflicting Viewpoints Passage Data Representation Passages and Research Summary Passages are very similar. Both use visuals (graphs, tables, etc.) as the primary way to convey information. We'll use the same 3 approaches to read both. Conflicting Viewpoints Passages are the most unique since Conflicting Viewpoints Passages typically don't have any visuals.We'll use 2 different approaches to read this passage. As I mentioned earlier, I offer 3 strategies for reading the Data Representation and Research Summary Passages and 2 strategies for reading the Conflicting Viewpoints Passages (as opposed to telling you what to do) because Ihave seen first hand as a tutor that every student thinks uniquely and that no single strategy works for everyone. One-size-fits-all strategies work as well as one-size-fits-all pants. Reading Strategiesfor Data Representation and Research Summary Passages When trying to implement a reading approach for the ACT Science, you should not simply try the approachon one ACT Science passage and then give up and move on to the next strategy. The first time you try an approach, it will never work perfectly. If you have tried the approach on 2-3 full practice ACT Science sections and you still don't feel comfortable with it, then you should try another strategy.Start with approach #1 in your practice, and only move on if after significant practice it still doesn't work for you. Approach #1: Skip the Passage and Go Right to the Questions. Immediately start reading the questions.Try to answer all of the questions by using only the graphs, charts, and other visuals.If you need more information to answer a question, skip it and come back to it after answering as many questions as you can with the visuals alone. When you come back to it, skim the passage and try to answer the question again. Check out the below question as an example of how this technique works: To answer this question, you just need to look at the graph. Locate January 1987, which is two ticks to the right of 1985.If you follow that tick up to the dotted line (which represents the monthly average cover of clouds), you see that it is approximately 13.5%, so the answer is B. This is the best approach in my opinion. I’ve found it to be the most effective for me and for most students I’ve tutored.With only 52.5 seconds per question, this approach is the most efficient use of your limited time,especially if you find yourself running out of time before you get a chance to consider all the questions. Approach #2: Skim the Passage and Then Read the Questions. This is the second best approach.Try this approach if you struggle to answer the questions without having a little context first. Skim the passage for key words that indicate what the passage is about, for key words that indicate trends such as increase or decrease, and for key words that suggest differences such as high, low, big, or small. You should circle or underline these terms as you skim. These are the terms that most questions refer toin the Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages. We'll apply this strategy to the passage below that accompanies the question above: Skimming the above passage, I would grab onto key terms: cloud cover, increase, increase in cosmic ray flux, low clouds, relative cosmic ray flux (RCRF), high clouds, middle clouds. It's fine if you don't understand what each term means right away - if the term is important, it'll be clear from reading the question, and you'll have a chance to hone down on important terms later. Now, when looking at question 13, I have a better understanding that the passage discussed 3 different heights of clouds. The question is just asking about high clouds, so I only need to look at figure 1. Then, I follow the steps I outlined above. Locate January 1987, which is two ticks to the right of 1985.If you follow that tick up to the dotted line (which represents the monthly average cover of clouds), you see that it is approximately 13.5%, so the answer is B. Skimming first is not necessary and may slow some people down. However, if you get confused looking at the questions without any context, approach #1 maytake you more time as you try to figure out what the question is asking you. Try approach #2 if, after you have attempted approach #1, you still struggle with timing, or you struggle to answer the questions correctly. If neither approach #1 nor approach #2 seems to be getting you to your score goal, as a last resort, try approach #3. Approach #3: Read the Whole Passage First. I don’t recommend it, but if the first two approaches do not work for you, you can use this as a last resort. See the passage abovewhich goes with the question above related to high clouds. Reading the whole passage firstwastes a lot of time, since, as I explained above, you can get the answer to question 13 without reading any of the passage.It definitely will get you to the right answer, but you need to read very quickly if you want to complete all 7 passages. Sad pony If you plan on using this approach, you need to be able to read the passage/visuals in less than 2 minutes since you only have 5 minutes to complete each passage.Set aside at least 3 minutes to answer questions. If you're targeting a score between 31 and 36 and are not able to get your reading pace under 2 minutes, DO NOT use this strategy, or you will not be able to finish all 7 passages.If you are targeting a score of 30 or below, you can afford to skip 1 passage, so you could use this strategy if your reading pace is slower.Make sure you can answer 6 out of 7 passages.I’d recommend skipping the Conflicting Viewpoints Passage if you skip 1. Reading Approach for Conflicting Viewpoints Passage Since the Conflicting Viewpoints Passages rarely have visuals, it would be ineffective to use approach #1 to answer Conflicting Viewpoints questions. Instead, you must take a completely different approach. Approach #1: Read the Whole Passage First. What? But you just said this is the worst strategy to use for Research Summaries and Data Representation Passages. Yes, I did. This is the best strategy for the Conflicting Viewpoints Passage only. To answer Conflicting Viewpoints questions, you need to read the entire passage, so that you can distinguish between the scientist's/student's viewpoints. You should ask yourself these questions while you read: What does scientist/student 1 believe? What does scientist/student 2 believe? What does scientist/student 3/4/5 believe? Occasionally, there will be more than 2 viewpoints represented. I have seen as many as 5 viewpoints discussedon a Conflicting Viewpoints Passage. How is scientist/student 2's point of view different fromscientist/student 1's point of view? How isscientist/student 2's point of view similar to scientist/student 1's point of view? We will apply this technique to the passage and question below: In order to answer this question, you need to read all of Scientist 2’s paragraph and understand what Scientist 2 believes.Scientist 2 said the object was an asteroid. Scientist 2 also said that as the asteroid entered Earth’s atmosphere, it was flattened and decelerated rapidly due to the dramatic increase in surface area. In looking at the question, I can eliminate F because it had already entered Earth’s atmosphere when it flattened, which means I can also eliminate G.H makes sense because it decelerated rapidly due to increased surface area, if it had not flattened, it would not have had an increased surface area.I think the answer is H, but I will check J.Frozen doesn’t make any sense and was not mentioned in Scientist 2’s paragraph.So, the answer is H. Notice that you need all of the information from the Conflicting Viewpoints Passage to answer the questions. Thus,reading the whole passage first is the most effective strategy. This way you ensure that you do not miss key information you need to answer the questions. Approach #2: Skim the Questions and Then Read the Passage. If you would like to skim the questions first to get a sense of what you should be reading the passage for, that is fine too.It may slow you down, so I recommend trying approach #1 first.If you had skimmed question 10 before reading, you would have known you had to pay special attention to Scientist 2’s description of the flattened asteroid.You would have been able to circle the sentence that mentions the flattened asteroid when reading through the passage.It mightmakeanswering the question a little faster. Everyone is unique, so try approach #1 and if it slows you down too much, then try this approach.You will only find your best reading approach through practice. How Should You Practice These Skills? Method #1: By Practicing With Good ACT Science Specific Material Duh, I know it's obvious, but it is worth saying. Because the ACT Science is so different from all other science and all other tests, the best way is to practice with the material that most closely matches the ACT Science test. For recommendations on studymaterial, check out our article on best ACT prep booksand download free printable ACT practice tests. Also, check outPrepScholar's program. PrepScholarbreaks down each ACT section into the skills you need to master, then gives you focused practice on each skill. This way you work on your weaknesses, whether that's interpreting data or understanding the basis for experiments. Method #2: Reading Science Experiment Articles If you want to supplement your practice, this is a good way, but it is not a replacement for real ACT Science study materials.Since the ACT Science Passages are similar, it will give you a leg up since you will already be familiar with reading this type of passage.You will be more familiar with the scientific method and looking at scientific data. I recommend Science Daily. Itis a free science news source, and the articles are very easy to understand. Check out this article abouta study onpeanut allergies. I recommend reading their articles as well as browsing the original journal article (which they link to at the bottom of their articles). While Science Daily does not use many visuals on their site, the journal articles typically have unique graphs and visuals. Such as this one from the peanut allergy study: When reading the Science Daily articles, you should ask yourself questions as a test. In particular, run through these questions: What is the main point of the experiment? What was the hypothesis? How were the experiments supposed to validate the hypothesis? When looking at the visuals in the related journal articles, what is being depicted? This is how scientific research works, and this is what ACT Science expects you to be able to decipher. The conceptsin actual science research papers arefarmore complicated than what the ACT Science will show you, but if you train on this more difficult material, ACT Science will be a breeze. Actions to Take: A Recap You need to have a good reading strategy to get a 36 on the ACT Science section. There is no one strategy that can be applied to the whole ACT Science section. There are 3 different reading approaches for the Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages: Skip the passage and go right to the questions. Skim the passage and then read the questions. Read the whole passage first. There are 2 different reading approaches for the Conflicting Viewpoints Passages: Read the whole passage first. Skim the questions and then read the passage. Work with approach #1 first. If you have tried it on 2-3 full ACT Science Sections and it still doesn't work for you, then move on to approach #2. As a last resort, you can try approach #3 for the Data Representation and Research Summaries Passages. However, you need to get your reading time under 2 minutes, so that you can finish all 7 passages. Again, find the approach that works for you and keep practicing it.Practice is the key to success on the ACT Science section. Practice with real ACT Science study materials. What’s Next? I hope thishelps you find a reading approachthat makes the ACT Science section easy (orthe dress white and gold). You don't need to be a science expert to do well on the ACT Science section. You just need to find an effective reading strategy that works for YOU. Practice this strategy, so that you excel the day of the test. Learn more about theACT Science section by reading about the3 types of ACT Science passages,the only actual science you need to know for the ACT Science,what's tested on ACT Science, andthe big secret of the ACT Science. Like this article? Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Sciencelesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Organisation of the body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organisation of the body - Essay Example It has several functions, including; the control of DNA replication and gene expression, prevention of damage to DNA, enhancing mitosis by strengthening DNA, and packaging DNA strands to fit in nucleus (Lloyd & Beck, 2012: p27). This entails a network of membranes or tubes that connect the cellular membrane to the nuclear envelope. Involved in the metabolism of steroids and carbohydrates, synthesis of steroids and lipids, and receptor attachment on proteins of the cell membrane (Lloyd & Beck, 2012: p41). This is an endoplasmic reticulum studded on the outer surface with attached ribosomes, compared to SER that have none. These ribosomes manufacture proteins and deposit them in the lumen of the RER, after which they are transported as vesicles to the Golgi complex (Lloyd & Beck, 2012: p41). A stack of flattened compartments or sacs that receive proteins from the RER, which is crucial in the transport and modification of proteins. It is involved in the modification, packaging, and export of proteins to other cell organelles, such as the mitochondria, or for secretion by the cell (Lloyd & Beck, 2012: p43). They are tail-like projections found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and protrude from their cell body. They are longer than cilia, but fewer in number, and their major function is locomotion through whip-like movements that propel the cell through liquid matter (Lloyd & Beck, 2012: p32). These are peanut-shaped organelles with double membranes, whereby the inner membrane is folded to form cristae. Aerobic cellular respiration occurs here, as well as the breakdown of sugar molecules for production of energy in the form of ATP (Lloyd & Beck, 2012: p19). This is a large, oval organelle, which has at least one nucleolus and contains DNA. It also holds the cell’s hereditary material. Its main function is to control the activities of the cell, particularly with regards to reproduction,

The Use of Open System Approach in Managing Change Essay

The Use of Open System Approach in Managing Change - Essay Example It is to be noted that many changes are exciting, leading to new opportunities and challenges. When these changes occur too rapidly or demand too much of the individuals passing through the process of change, they can make individuals very uncomfortable (Heward, Hutchins, and Keleher, 2007, 170-178). Everyone has own assumptions about how organizations work, developed through a combination of experience and education. The use of metaphor is an important way in which one expresses these assumptions. Some people talk about organizations as if they were machines. This metaphor leads to talk of organizational structures, job design and process reengineering. Others describe organizations as political systems. Researchers have works on organizational metaphors, which are good starting points for understanding the different beliefs and assumptions about change that exists. Metaphors are important in the sense that this provides opportunity to think and deepen the understanding. Deep understanding allows, in turn, seeing things in new ways and consequently acting in new ways. One such metaphor is seeing organizations like an organism. This metaphor of organizational life sees the organization as a living, adaptive system. This suggests, that different environments favour different spec ies of organisations based on different methods of organising (Rowe and Hogarth, 2005, 396-405). When the organisation is conceived as a living, adaptive system, congruence with the environment is the key to success. According to this metaphor, in stable environments a more rigid bureaucratic organization would prosper. In more fluid, changing environments a looser, less structured type of organization would be more likely to survive. This metaphor represents the organization as an 'open system'. Organizations are seen as sets of interrelated sub-systems designed to balance the requirements of the environment with internal needs of groups and individuals. This approach implies that when designing organizations, we should always do this with the environment in mind. Emphasis is placed on scanning the environment, and developing a healthy adaptation to the outside world. Individual, group and organizational health and happiness are essential ingredients of this metaphor. The assumption is that if the social needs of individuals and groups in the organization are met, and the organ ization is well designed to meet the needs of the environment, there is more likelihood of healthy adaptive functioning of the whole system (Weiner, Amick, and Lee, 2008, 379-436). Thus it is apparent that there is no one best way to design or manage an organisation. Like in a organism, in such an organisation, the success of its functioning would depend on the transmission of information between different subsystems, and as has been mentioned earlier, the unhindered communication and exchange with the environment would determine its efficiency. Thus, as an organism, the homeostasis is the key. By homeostasis, it means the organisation would tend to maximise the fit between individual, team, and organisational needs. Therefore, it emerges that if one decides to manage the change in such an organisation, rather than using internal focus, changes are made only in response to changes in the external environment. The interaction between an organism and its

The Inevitability of Conflict Essay Example for Free

The Inevitability of Conflict Essay Indeed, conflict is inevitable because change is unavoidable as well (McReynolds n.d.). Take for instance, in a business established between friends, of course at first everything will go smoothly, especially if profits or gains are consistently increasing (McReynolds n.d.). However, the existence of change may occur in the form of, in this case, let’s say, a co-owner establishes   a business of his own which is of the same nature as the business that he helped establish with his friends (McReynolds n. d.). Of course, the other co-owners will cry out â€Å"foul† which will consequently lead to conflict (McReynolds n.d.). Changes indeed occurs whether we like it or not, and since it leads to conflict, it is safe to claim that conflict also is inevitable (McReynolds n.d.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another reason for the inevitability of conflict is because people possess different values and thus also having diverse preferences (Berteig 2005). Let’s take for instance, a family with four members would like to purchase a new vehicle, the husband would like to get a pick-up truck, however, the wife would like a simple sedan, but the daughter prefers an SUV, on the other hand, the son would like a convertible (Berteig 2005). Of course, conflict already came up since they were unable to agree simply because they hold different values and preferences (Berteig 2005). Conflict is inevitable simply because it is natural for an individual to have his or her preference (Berteig 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inevitability of conflict occurs also because of the fact that â€Å"the parties involved have already each decided on their own solution and fails to discuss the problem those solutions should be addressing (Berteig 2005). For example, a business that a group of four established encountered a financial dilemma, then one of the co-owners, extremely worrying that the aforementioned may be the beginning of their downfall, immediately looked for investors and promised them a high position in the company, as well as, sells them a considerable amount of shares (Berteig 2005). Of course, upon discovery of that â€Å"speedy move†, the other three co-owners, got mad because they believed that such a move was not the only alternative or solution (Berteig 2005). Surely, conflict is inevitable because there are people who decide immediately without even speaking about the problem or consulting other people who are involved (Berteig 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, conflict is inevitable because â€Å"lack of clarity in communication† is unavoidable also (Berteig 2005). For example, if your mother requested you to go to the supermarket and asked you to purchase some ingredients including oil and mayonnaise but did not specifically tell you that you’re supposed to get her olive oil and fat-free mayonnaise, when you come home with ordinary oil and regular mayonnaise then a conflict will surely arise (Berteig 2005). You will explain that the information she gave you were incomplete, simply put, she did not state her specific instructions, but then she would probably have told you that such specifics were unnecessary since you knew those were the things typically utilized around the house (Berteig 2005). This only proves that ‘lack of clarity’ indeed starts up miscommunications thus making conflicts inevitable as well (Berteig 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, there are times when there are disagreements in the past that go unsolved which causes the present to be affected (Berteig 2005). Either, their present relationship will get harder to work on or everything something negative happens they will be reminded of the unsolved disagreement that occurred in the past, which will surely create conflict between both parties (Berteig 2005). However, whether we approve or not, such occurs and thus making conflict inevitable as well (Berteig 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Last but not least, there are some people who were raised not to listen, or interfere when someone is speaking (University of Cambridge 2004). By not listening alone or interfering may already lead to conflict since nobody would like to be interrupted or ignored, it will make them feel that they are not respected or that they are not credible enough to speak about what they are talking about, etc (University of Cambridge 2004). This is yet another evidence that proves that conflict is inevitable (University of Cambridge 2004). Bibliography    Berteig, M. 2005, ‘Reasons for Conflict or Disagreement’, n.p.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Online] Available at: http://www.agileadvice.com/archives/2005/05/reasons_for_con.html McReynolds, D. n.d., ‘Philosophy of Nonviolence: The Inevitability of Conflict’, n.p.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Online] Available at: http://www.nonviolence.org/issues/philo-nv2.php University of Cambridge. 2004, ‘Conflict with Others’, n.p.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Online] Available at: http://www.counselling.cam.ac.uk/conflict.html

George Orwells Animal Farm :: George Orwell Animal Farm Essays

George Orwell's Animal Farm George Orwell has used many techniques of writing such as irony and humour to portray significant events throughout Animal Farm. This extract, just after the slaughter of the 'disloyal' animals (one of the most emotive of the events in the book), is no exception and so I will be analysing and interpreting the response of readers as well as making links to other parts in the book. 'Loud singing' could be heard from the farmhouse, this is just after the pigs have come across a 'case of whiskey'. It is not the singing itself, which is the 'surprise' to the animals but the song that is being sung, Beasts of England. Beasts of England, the song of rebellion and hope, has just been banned. The banishment of the song stood for the destruction of old Major's vision of a 'perfect unity' between animals. Also the song signifies rebellion and so Napoleon has forbidden it to extinguish any fighting spirit against his dictator-led regime. The pigs, after being intoxicated, lose all their inhibitions; it seems ironic how they are now relying on their natural instincts rather than their brains. Them singing Beasts of England is hypocritical of the banishment, and supports the readers dislike of the pigs. Napoleon is seen wearing a 'Bowler hat' and 'gallop rapidly round the yard', this is the only time where Napoleon loses control. In my opinion, which may be disputed, this is a sign of Napoleon evolving in to the 'pig to man' he becomes in the end. His wearing of the bowler hat, an item of clothing, reveals his human behaviour in contrast to him galloping, which exposes his animal instincts. To us this image of a boar in a bowler hat is amusing although the animals must have been confused. The following morning Squealer appears, 'walking slowly and dejectedly', already the readers are able to make the link that the pigs must be hung over hence no 'pig appeared to be stirring'. Squealer announces to the animals that Napoleon 'is dying!' As a reader I have no sympathy towards the announcement but only humour since I know he is not going to die, he is only hung over. On the other hand the reaction from the animals is tremendous; 'a cry of lamentation went up' and they had 'tears in their eyes' while asking each other 'what they should do if their leader were taken away from them'. As readers it is very frustrating to see the animals act so pathetically, that they are so dependant upon 'comrade Napoleon' their 'leader'. Later on Squealer declared 'the drinking of alcohol was to

Losing Love (Bookshop Memories)

Ryan Borg Mr. Parsons English 101 9/13/2012 Losing Love In the short essay Bookshop Memories by George Orwell, he tells the readers about the life of working at a second hand bookstore. Orwell goes into brief detail about certain remarks, actions or pestering bluebottles that seem to rest and die in the most important and obvious places. Some of the remarks that Orwell made throughout the essay would be like this example, â€Å"many of the people who came to us were of the kind who would be a nuisance anywhere but have special opportunities in a bookshop.For example, the dear old lady who ‘wants a book for an invalid’ (a very common demand, that). †(Page 1) Follow that quote the other nuisance is the random special ordered book Orwell encountered was, â€Å"the other dear old lady who read such a nice book in 1897 and wonders whether you can find her a copy. Unfortunately she doesn’t remember the title or the author’s name or what the book was about , but she does remember that it had a red cover. (Page 1) These encounters aggravated Orwell with no doubt but the real reason he lost his love for books was, â€Å"a bookseller has to tell lies about books, and that gives him a distaste for them; still worse is the fact that he is constantly dusting them and hauling them to and fro. †(page 5) As one book lover to another the fact that Orwell had to lie about certain books to customers would be near impossible just because it’s not how Orwell wanted to explain the book but it was what the customers wanted to hear about the book to make the sale.Satisfying the customer rather than being able to speak what you actually are thinking about the book I could see this would cause Orwell to lose his love for the actual books that he enjoys reading. The other reason that Orwell states in that quote is that he has to constantly dusting them off and moving them to and fro. Analyzing this quote it is noticeable that Orwell was ref erring to constantly moving the books around for customers, the change of seasons, and new inventory that the bookstore got in. Along with shuttling them back and forth, us; as a reader, should take in consideration that the books need to be cleaned off nd this is where the dead bluebottles and dust start to affect his real love for books. After Orwell states the real reason he loses his love for books he does include another quote which is, â€Å"nowadays I do buy one occasionally, but only if it is a book that I want to read and can’t borrow, and I never buy junk. The sweet smell of decaying paper appeals to me no longer. † (page 5) To me, as the reader, I take this sentence that Orwell does not like to read books that are 50 years old or older because it brings back the memories of shuttling and dusting off the dead bluebottles from the books.It also suggests that he still will read a quality book, news article, or other type of publication but he will not purchase it since there were so many customers that went into the second hand bookstore to buy books so they could use them as a showing piece for people to make assumptions of who they actually were. In this essay this Orwell gave complex hints to the reasons why he lost his love for books in ways throughout the whole essay but he gave his real reason in the last paragraph of the essay as it was pointed out previously.

How Technology Changed Society

Through the years, we've watched technology grow like a child budding into adulthood: It starts out mostly crying and pooping, then crawling, gradually learning to walk, and finally able to run at a speed we all wish we could keep up with. We've seen technology fail, and we've seen it succeed. We've poked fun at it when it doesn't make sense, and we've praised it when it's absolutely brilliant. We've yelled at it when it runs out of power, and we've fixed or replaced it when it gets run down.We treat technology as a family member—even if that is a little co-dependent. You can't blame us, though; it's certainly made aspects of our lives easier: We're no longer forced to send letters through the postal service, book vacations through travel agents, shop in stores, visit the library for research material, or wait for our photos to be developed. Thanks to technology, all of these activities can be performed either digitally or online.At the same time, though, technology can make l ife more convoluted—especially when something doesn't work right or doesn't do what it's supposed to: Say, for instance, a GPS device tells you to turn the wrong way on a one-way street (yikes! ), or a computer erases all of your important data (ouch! ). Unfortunately, it's not always easy to understand how a product or service works, not to mention whether or not to hold off on adopting it until a better, shinier thing comes along. A perfect example is the ever-evolving video format.We've gone from Betamax to VHS to DVD to HD DVD/Blu-ray to just Blu-ray (and everything in-between, of course). It can take years before a technology catches on, and even more time before we see a significant price drop. For the most part, however, technology does us more good than harm: It's reconnected us with old college roommates, helped us learn a foreign language, and encouraged us to exercise. Follow us as we look back at how technology has changed our lives—for the better and for t he worse—in terms of communication, computing, dining, entertainment, and travel.

Encana Report Essay

Encana Report Essay Encana Report Essay Objective To find the Weighted Average Cost of Capital for the energy firm EnCana. Finding the firms market value capital structure Value of debt: Short Term Debt: We assume that Encana’s short-term debt is NOT a part of its permanent capital structure because Encana’s business activities are project based (mining, oil and gas) and hence assumedly require different frequencies and magnitudes of short-term debt that vary with each project. Long-term Debt: We do not have the resources to calculate the market value of debt (as we don’t know how many of which bonds there are), therefore we will use the book value which is $6,629m. Value of equity: Barb asks if we can use book value of equity. Considering book value of equity is rarely close to its market value(intuition – book value is just assets less liabilities, whereas market value is value of all expected future cash flows), this is not a viable option. EnCana has 854.9 mil shares outstanding, trading at $56.75. Therefore market value of equity = 854.9 x 56.75 = 48,515.575 (Means 3:1 market to book ratio – can see clearly why you cannot use the book value of equity) Therefore: Debt = 12%, Equity = 88% of capital structure (Apx.1). Find cost for individual capital structure components Historical interest rates are irrelevant in calculating cost of capital, what matters is current yield which reflects the return currently required by investors. Cost of debt Publicly Traded Debt: Yield is 5.81%. We use this yield assuming that since long-term interest rates are the average of short-term rates - amidst 30 years 1-2 years difference should not particularly skew the average, therefore all four long-term bonds should be trading at a similar yield. Other long-term debt: Yield (assuming EnCana qualifies for the prime rate) is 5.25% Therefore weighted average cost of debt is 5.81 x 0.81 + 5.25 x 0.19 = 5.7% (Apx.2) Cost of common equity CAPM approach (SML equation): We know: rf = long term bond yield = 4.20%, ÃŽ ² =1.27 (assuming historical beta is good representation of current beta – problem – only based on 3 years of data) We do not know the risk premium on the market Historical risk premium: Find the average historical risk premium by subtracting average historical risk free rate from average historical return on market: Arithmetic average: 13.9 – 6.5 = 7.4%, Geometric average: 12.9 -5.6 = 7.3% Problems: Bond average is only 1 year bonds rather than long term rates Increase in risk premium can actually contribute to decline in stock market returns Forward looking risk premium Use discount cash flow model to estimate rpM: (Apx.3). We find the growth rate with (assuming historical growth rates are accurate representation of the future): 25yr growth rate = 5.54 %( Apx. 4) Problems: No reason to believe future growth will be like past growth Growth rates sensitive to period over which growth is measured (Apx.5) We use the 25 year growth rate (due to long-term nature) to obtain a rpM of 3.3 %( Apx.6), which seems unusually low considering risk premium generally is within 3.5-6.5%. Which risk premium to use? If we consider that the historical risk premium tends to overstate the risk premium (we are less risk adverse due to various other forms of financial stability), and the five year growth rate of the market (i.e. the current trend) is much higher (if assumed to continue would result in a much higher risk premium, approx. 8%), it is reasonable to take the average of the two: (7.4% +3.3%)/2 = 5.35%. This value for rpM seems more reasonably within the typical range. Using this rpM we calculate the cost of equity: re = 4.2 + 1.27(5.35) = 11% Constant growth dividend discount model , r = + 0.1187 =12.42% Problems: Not a lot of historical data to work off Which model do we use? Considering the extra step of calculating the risk premium in

Advanced Practicing Nursing and Approaches to Measuring the Performanc Term Paper

Advanced Practicing Nursing and Approaches to Measuring the Performance of APNs Advanced Practicing Nursing Advanced Practicing Nursing Introduction Advance Practice Nurses (APNs) are obliged to perform various activities within a health institution after having completed advance training. APNs include nurse practitioners and nurse specialists. Other nurses who are under APNs include mid-wives and anesthetists. All of the APNs nurses are entitled to offer direct patient care. This means that they have the obligation of providing education and consultation to patients. They are also required to offer clinical leadership and in some cases conduct research in their respective areas of operations. This paper provides information that establishes the value of APNs in the medical fraternity. Reasons for measuring performance of APNs One of the main significant reasons for measuring performance of APNs is because there have been change in response to various circumstances and activities entitled to be performed by these nurses (Brook & Rushforth, 2011). These changes have occurred because of advancement in core skills, scopes of practice and professional boundaries associated with APNs (Brook & Rushforth, 2011). The other main reason for measuring performance of APNs is that there is a growing consensus that many of the APNs are embracing other roles and obligations like management and leadership (Brook & Rushforth, 2011). This means that in order to make sure that they can be able to carryout these roles within the recommended and outlined ways, there is a need to measure their performance. Another significant reason for measuring the performance of APNs is that they are referred to be distinct in the medical fraternity because of their hybrid and quasi-medical practice (Brook & Rushforth, 2011). This means tha t APNs are obliged to carryout various crucial and autonomous medical operations. In order to be able to perform all these demanding activities there is need to measure their performance with the aim and primary purpose being public protection (Brook & Rushforth, 2011). Approaches to measuring performance of APNs Kleinpell (2003) indicates that there is a need for measuring the outcome of APNs. In order to measure the performance of APNs in an effectively way, Kleinpell (2003) provides the best approaches that ought to be employed. Some of these approaches include physiological. On physiological approach, some of the recommended area to measure includes heart rate and weight (Kleinpell, 2003). The other approach is psychosocial. Areas that ought to be given the first priority in this approach include attitude and mood. Moreover, there is also the need to consider behavioral approach (Kleinpell, 2003). This entails measuring compliance and motivational of APNs. Other approaches include functional where activities of daily life can be measured and knowledge where the medical knowhow can also be measured (Kleinpell, 2003). Establishing the Value of Advanced Practice Nursing APN offer significant contribution in the medical fraternity through conducting various roles that in most cases require special attention and extensive medical practice knowledge. Some of the established value and role of APN include providing response to the increased medicals specialization (Furlong & Smith, 2005). APNs also assist in providing response to the inaccessibility of medical care. Moreover, APNs are expert in clinical practice and therefore, they can be able to enact various obligations in health institutions. They are also employed with ethical decision-making skills that tend to be of significant importance in the medical fraternity (Furlong & Smith, 2005). Conclusion The above information indicates that APNs are of significant importance in health institutions as they contribute much in giving the recommended help to patients. Moreover, apart from taking care of the patients, APNs are equipped with other skills as explained above that assists them in providing help to a wide scope of areas. This means APNs can serve the patients, other staff members in health institutions and the public. Reference Brook, S., & Rushforth, H. (2011). Why is the regulation of advanced practice essential?. British Journal Of Nursing (BJN), 20(16), 996-1000. https://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&hid=116&sid=87df2816-02fe-4803-bfc4-d7d964729bdc%40sessionmgr13 Furlong, E., & Smith, R. (2005). Advanced nursing practice: policy, education and role development. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 14(9), 1059-1066. https://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5&hid=120&sid=87df2816-02fe-4803-bfc4-d7d964729bdc%40sessionmgr13. Kleinpell, R. M. (2003). Measuring Advanced Practice Nursing Outcomes: Strategies and Resources. Critical Care Nurse, 236-10. https://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&hid=5&sid=87df2816-02fe-4803-bfc4-d7d964729bdc%40sessionmgr13

Why I want to study the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why I want to study the Law - Essay Example Police officers, it seems, are under paid and under appreciated. Each day their lives are placed in jeopardy just so that a student like me can be safe in school and in the streets. Yet for some inexplicable reason, their efforts are not heralded by most citizens or the media. But I expect that the reason why citizens become police officers is to help people, and set an example for their community. I do not consider becoming a police officer to be a right, it is an honor. It is an honor to visit schools and teach children the danger of drugs. It is a privilege to provide a feeling of safety to the elderly. I want to be an officer because my desire is to protect and serve. I want to stop harm from visiting innocent people and I want to serve my community in a way that benefits its' citizens. These are the traits that a candidate should have: Trust- to establish credibility with others by being consistent and accountable, delivering on our promises and building a solid track record of reliability; and to protect the integrity of private information to which we have access in the course of our official duties. Responsibility- to be dependable and accountable for our actions and to report concerns in the workplace including violations of laws, regulations and policies, and seek clarification whenever there is doubt. Citizenship- to protect the public trust by upholding and obeyi